diff --git a/outputs/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/costs_2020.csv index b2ce2f0..ea2cf7b 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2020.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2020.csv @@ -14,21 +14,21 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.324,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,C stored,0.676,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2479,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.608,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -BioSNG,VOM,3.0383,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2015.0 +BioSNG,FOM,1.608,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,VOM,2.8712,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2015.0 -BioSNG,investment,2813.2822,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2015.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BioSNG,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 +BioSNG,investment,2658.5,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 +BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 BtL,C in fuel,0.2455,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,C stored,0.7545,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2767,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2015.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1957,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2015.0 +BtL,FOM,2.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.35,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2015.0 +BtL,efficiency,0.35,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 BtL,investment,3638.1722,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 CCGT,FOM,3.3295,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 CCGT,VOM,4.6562,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 CCGT,c_b,1.8,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.9642,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2015.0 +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.636,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.36,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 @@ -424,26 +424,26 @@ battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_cata battery storage,investment,245.5074,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 battery storage,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2015.0 +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,1092.569,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2015.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biogas,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2015.0 +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,1092.569,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2015.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.8614,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,1020.8838,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.4036,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,204.2047,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biogas CC,investment,1032.4577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.5939,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,964.7165,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,VOM,4.1613,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,investment,192.9697,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -457,15 +457,15 @@ biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2994,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_fo biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7093,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 biomass CHP,investment,3578.1349,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,3492131.3692,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,investment,3300000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 biomass EOP,FOM,3.6081,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 biomass EOP,VOM,2.2291,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 biomass EOP,c_b,0.4544,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 @@ -487,23 +487,23 @@ biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1 biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.3926,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.6074,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2227,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,22.9612,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1111,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,21.6979,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,5916.9324,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,investment,3174664.8811,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,investment,5591.3924,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 @@ -643,34 +643,34 @@ digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,4237.1194,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2015.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2015.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,investment,7407551.3893,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2989,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.8733,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2989,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.8733,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3442,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,232.8088,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3442,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,232.8088,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 +direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 +direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct firing gas,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.2121,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2845,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5455,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3276,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 @@ -686,11 +686,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.9154,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,84.6577,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2015.0 +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8711,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +electric boiler steam,investment,80.56,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,, electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,€/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, @@ -724,11 +724,11 @@ fuel cell,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_f fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.164,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.92,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,57.7212,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +gas boiler steam,FOM,3.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.1077,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.92,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +gas boiler steam,investment,54.9273,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenace, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0 @@ -769,16 +769,16 @@ hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_da hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 hydrogen storage underground,investment,3.1747,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0928,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.4498,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,2.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,1106.3072,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1113,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.4498,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,921.9227,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0928,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,2.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,1052.7581,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1113,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2828,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,877.2984,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 @@ -885,16 +885,16 @@ solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,650.3522,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy A solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.9408,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,654.1734,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.9408,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,654.1734,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.4515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.7985,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,622.5091,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, diff --git a/outputs/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/costs_2025.csv index f2dbfa1..d7cc70c 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2025.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2025.csv @@ -14,21 +14,21 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3321,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,C stored,0.6679,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2449,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6195,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -BioSNG,VOM,2.4757,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2015.0 +BioSNG,FOM,1.6195,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,VOM,2.3395,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.615,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2015.0 -BioSNG,investment,2306.8914,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2015.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BioSNG,efficiency,0.615,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 +BioSNG,investment,2179.97,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 +BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 BtL,C in fuel,0.2571,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,C stored,0.7429,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2724,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.5263,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2015.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1957,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2015.0 +BtL,FOM,2.5263,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.3667,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2015.0 +BtL,efficiency,0.3667,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 BtL,investment,3378.3027,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 CCGT,FOM,3.3392,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 CCGT,VOM,4.5504,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 CCGT,c_b,1.9,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.3452,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2015.0 +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,5.0512,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.343,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 @@ -424,26 +424,26 @@ battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_cata battery storage,investment,197.8874,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 battery storage,lifetime,22.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2015.0 +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,1161.8379,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2015.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biogas,investment,1097.9155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2015.0 +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,1161.8379,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2015.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.4562,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,935.8102,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,4.6828,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,217.1512,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biogas CC,investment,1097.9155,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.2111,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,884.3234,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,VOM,4.4251,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,investment,205.2039,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -457,15 +457,15 @@ biomass CHP,efficiency,0.2998,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_fo biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7088,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 biomass CHP,investment,3487.6605,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,3174664.8811,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 biomass EOP,FOM,3.5955,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 biomass EOP,VOM,2.2255,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 biomass EOP,c_b,0.4554,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 @@ -487,23 +487,23 @@ biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1 biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4028,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5972,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.219,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1905,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,19.1344,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.1905,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,18.0816,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.595,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,4602.0585,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,investment,2963020.5557,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.595,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,investment,4348.8608,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-input,0.833,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,investment,2800000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2102,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 @@ -643,34 +643,34 @@ digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3972.2994,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2015.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2015.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,investment,7407551.3893,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.197,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2963,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.8733,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.197,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2963,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.8733,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3469,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,232.8088,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3469,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,232.8088,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 +direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 +direct air capture,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct firing gas,FOM,1.197,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.197,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5227,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3301,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 @@ -686,11 +686,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3933,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.9207,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,79.3666,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2015.0 +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3933,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8761,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +electric boiler steam,investment,75.525,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,, electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,€/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, @@ -724,11 +724,11 @@ fuel cell,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_fo fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.1111,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,52.9111,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +gas boiler steam,FOM,3.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0574,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +gas boiler steam,investment,50.35,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenace, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0 @@ -769,16 +769,16 @@ hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_da hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.6456,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0929,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.4181,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,1047.6394,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1115,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.4181,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,873.0328,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0929,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2526,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,996.93,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1115,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2526,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,830.775,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 @@ -885,16 +885,16 @@ solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,552.4113,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy A solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,37.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.7564,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.9651,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,639.7431,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.7564,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.9651,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,639.7431,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,5.7564,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,5.7564,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8216,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,608.7773,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, diff --git a/outputs/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/costs_2030.csv index e241822..2a6cf92 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2030.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2030.csv @@ -14,21 +14,21 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3402,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,C stored,0.6598,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2419,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.913,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2015.0 +BioSNG,FOM,1.6375,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,VOM,1.8078,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2015.0 -BioSNG,investment,1800.5006,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2015.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BioSNG,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 +BioSNG,investment,1701.44,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 +BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 BtL,C in fuel,0.2688,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,C stored,0.7312,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2681,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2015.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1957,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2015.0 +BtL,FOM,2.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.3833,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2015.0 +BtL,efficiency,0.3833,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 BtL,investment,3118.4333,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 CCGT,FOM,3.3494,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 CCGT,VOM,4.4445,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 CCGT,c_b,2.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,4.7263,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2015.0 +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,4.4663,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.326,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 @@ -424,26 +424,26 @@ battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_cata battery storage,investment,150.2675,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 battery storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2015.0 +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,1010.799,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2015.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biogas,investment,955.1865,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2015.0 +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,1010.799,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2015.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,4.0511,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,850.7365,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.8841,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,180.1165,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biogas CC,investment,955.1865,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.8282,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,803.9304,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,VOM,3.6704,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,investment,170.2068,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -457,15 +457,15 @@ biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_fo biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 biomass CHP,investment,3397.1862,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2857198.393,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.025,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,investment,2700000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 biomass EOP,FOM,3.5822,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 @@ -487,23 +487,23 @@ biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1 biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4129,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5871,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2153,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,15.3075,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.3333,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.61,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,3287.1846,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.022,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.54,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,investment,2751376.2303,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.61,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,investment,3106.3291,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.085,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,electricity-input,0.022,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-output,1.54,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,investment,2600000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.6561,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 @@ -643,34 +643,34 @@ digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3707.4795,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2015.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2015.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,1.0,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,investment,6349329.7622,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2937,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.8733,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2937,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.8733,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3495,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,232.8088,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3495,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,232.8088,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 +direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 +direct air capture,heat-output,1.0,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,investment,6000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct firing gas,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,VOM,0.2794,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1818,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2794,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3326,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 @@ -686,11 +686,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.4571,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.9259,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,74.0755,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2015.0 +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.4571,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8811,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,, electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,€/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, @@ -724,11 +724,11 @@ fuel cell,investment,1164.0438,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_f fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,4.18,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,48.101,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +gas boiler steam,FOM,4.18,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenace, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0 @@ -769,16 +769,16 @@ hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_da hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.1164,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0931,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.3863,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,988.9716,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1117,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.3863,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,824.143,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0931,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2224,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,941.1019,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1117,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2224,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,784.2516,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 @@ -885,16 +885,16 @@ solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,454.4703,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy A solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.0754,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.9895,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,625.3128,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.0754,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.9895,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,625.3128,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.0754,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.0754,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8448,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,595.0455,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, diff --git a/outputs/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/costs_2035.csv index 796f24b..3e61f6b 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2035.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2035.csv @@ -14,21 +14,21 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3496,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,C stored,0.6504,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2385,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6302,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.8849,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2015.0 +BioSNG,FOM,1.6302,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,VOM,1.7812,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6475,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2015.0 -BioSNG,investment,1772.3678,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2015.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BioSNG,efficiency,0.6475,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 +BioSNG,investment,1674.855,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 +BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 BtL,C in fuel,0.2805,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,C stored,0.7195,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2638,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.7484,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2015.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1963,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2015.0 +BtL,FOM,2.7484,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BtL,VOM,1.1305,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.4,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2015.0 +BtL,efficiency,0.4,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 BtL,investment,2858.5639,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 CCGT,FOM,3.3252,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 CCGT,VOM,4.3916,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 CCGT,c_b,2.05,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,4.1637,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2015.0 +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,3.9346,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.3135,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 @@ -424,26 +424,26 @@ battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_cata battery storage,investment,124.8702,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 battery storage,lifetime,27.5,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2015.0 +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,993.3714,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2015.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biogas,investment,938.7177,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2015.0 +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,993.3714,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2015.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.646,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,765.6629,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.3842,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.5693,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,162.2391,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biogas CC,investment,938.7177,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.4454,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,723.5374,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.3842,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,VOM,3.373,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,investment,153.313,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -457,15 +457,15 @@ biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_fo biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 biomass CHP,investment,3318.3391,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.135,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.024,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2698465.149,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.135,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.024,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,investment,2550000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 biomass EOP,FOM,3.5717,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 @@ -487,23 +487,23 @@ biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1 biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4197,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5803,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2128,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.5331,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,15.3075,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.5331,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.62,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,2837.106,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.135,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.021,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.51,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,investment,2539731.9049,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.62,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,investment,2681.013,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,capture_rate,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.135,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,electricity-input,0.021,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-input,0.69,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-output,1.51,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,investment,2400000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.4868,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.625,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 @@ -643,34 +643,34 @@ digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3442.6595,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2015.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2015.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.875,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,investment,5820218.9487,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.295,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.8733,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.295,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.8733,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3509,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,232.8088,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3509,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,232.8088,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 +direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 +direct air capture,heat-output,0.875,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,investment,5500000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct firing gas,FOM,1.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,VOM,0.2807,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2807,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4773,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3339,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 @@ -686,11 +686,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.4214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8757,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,74.0755,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2015.0 +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.4214,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8333,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,, electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,€/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, @@ -724,11 +724,11 @@ fuel cell,investment,1084.6772,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_f fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,4.07,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,48.101,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +gas boiler steam,FOM,4.07,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenace, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0 @@ -769,16 +769,16 @@ hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_da hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.8519,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0922,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.3969,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,957.9869,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1107,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.3969,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,798.3224,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0922,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2325,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.1,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,911.617,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1107,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2325,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.75,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,759.6808,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 @@ -885,16 +885,16 @@ solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,419.3908,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy A solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,3.0016,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,610.8825,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,3.0016,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,610.8825,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1236,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8564,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,581.3136,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, diff --git a/outputs/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/costs_2040.csv index 4a68b37..bcdd6f0 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2040.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2040.csv @@ -14,21 +14,21 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3591,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,C stored,0.6409,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.235,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6226,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.8568,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2015.0 +BioSNG,FOM,1.6226,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,VOM,1.7546,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.665,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2015.0 -BioSNG,investment,1744.235,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2015.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BioSNG,efficiency,0.665,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 +BioSNG,investment,1648.27,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 +BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 BtL,C in fuel,0.2922,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,C stored,0.7078,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2595,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.8364,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2015.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1969,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2015.0 +BtL,FOM,2.8364,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BtL,VOM,1.1311,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.4167,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2015.0 +BtL,efficiency,0.4167,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 BtL,investment,2598.6944,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 CCGT,FOM,3.3006,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 CCGT,VOM,4.3387,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 CCGT,c_b,2.1,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,3.601,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2015.0 +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,3.4029,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.301,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 @@ -424,26 +424,26 @@ battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_cata battery storage,investment,99.4728,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2015.0 +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,975.9438,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2015.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biogas,investment,922.249,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2015.0 +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,975.9438,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2015.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.2409,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,680.5892,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.8139,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.2545,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,144.3616,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biogas CC,investment,922.249,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,3.0626,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,643.1443,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.8139,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,VOM,3.0755,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,investment,136.4191,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -457,15 +457,15 @@ biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_fo biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 biomass CHP,investment,3239.492,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.023,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2539731.9049,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.023,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,investment,2400000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 biomass EOP,FOM,3.5606,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 @@ -487,23 +487,23 @@ biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1 biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4265,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5735,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2103,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.8083,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,15.3075,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,1.8083,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,2387.0273,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,investment,2328087.5795,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,investment,2255.697,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,investment,2200000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.3175,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 @@ -643,34 +643,34 @@ digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,3177.8395,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2015.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2015.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,investment,5291108.1352,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2963,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.8733,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2963,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.8733,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3522,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,232.8088,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3522,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,232.8088,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 +direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 +direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,investment,5000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct firing gas,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.1515,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4545,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 @@ -686,11 +686,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8254,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,74.0755,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2015.0 +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,, electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,€/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, @@ -724,11 +724,11 @@ fuel cell,investment,1005.3105,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_f fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.96,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,48.101,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +gas boiler steam,FOM,3.96,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenace, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0 @@ -769,16 +769,16 @@ hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_da hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.5873,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.4075,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.15,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,927.0021,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1096,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.4075,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,772.5018,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0913,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.2425,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.15,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,882.132,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1096,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.2425,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,735.11,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 @@ -885,16 +885,16 @@ solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,384.3112,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy A solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1742,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,3.0138,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,596.4522,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1742,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,3.0138,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,596.4522,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.1742,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.1742,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,567.5818,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, diff --git a/outputs/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/costs_2045.csv index 38894e3..fc93eab 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2045.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2045.csv @@ -14,21 +14,21 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.3686,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,C stored,0.6314,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2315,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6148,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.8286,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2015.0 +BioSNG,FOM,1.6148,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,VOM,1.728,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.6825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2015.0 -BioSNG,investment,1716.1021,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2015.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BioSNG,efficiency,0.6825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 +BioSNG,investment,1621.685,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 +BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 BtL,C in fuel,0.3039,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,C stored,0.6961,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,CO2 stored,0.2552,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,2.9164,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2015.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1963,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2015.0 +BtL,FOM,2.9164,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BtL,VOM,1.1305,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.4333,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2015.0 +BtL,efficiency,0.4333,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 BtL,investment,2338.825,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 CCGT,FOM,3.2755,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 CCGT,VOM,4.2858,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 CCGT,c_b,2.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.9821,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2015.0 +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.818,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.2885,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 @@ -424,26 +424,26 @@ battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_cata battery storage,investment,89.4197,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2015.0 +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,946.8979,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2015.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biogas,investment,894.8011,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2015.0 +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,946.8979,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2015.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.8358,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,595.5156,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.4434,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,3.0555,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,138.412,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biogas CC,investment,894.8011,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.6798,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,562.7513,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.4434,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,VOM,2.8874,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,investment,130.7968,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -457,15 +457,15 @@ biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_fo biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 biomass CHP,investment,3160.6449,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0215,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2328087.5795,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.0215,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,investment,2200000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 biomass EOP,FOM,3.549,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 @@ -487,23 +487,23 @@ biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1 biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.4332,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.5668,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2078,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,2.1583,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,15.3075,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,2.1583,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.64,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,2015.3098,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.019,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,investment,2116443.2541,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.64,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,investment,1904.4308,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,electricity-input,0.019,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,investment,2000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.5715,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.675,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 @@ -643,34 +643,34 @@ digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,2913.0196,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2015.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2015.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,investment,4761997.3217,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2963,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.8733,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2963,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.8733,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3522,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,232.8088,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3522,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,232.8088,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 +direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 +direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,investment,4500000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct firing gas,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0909,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4318,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 @@ -686,11 +686,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.35,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8254,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,74.0755,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2015.0 +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.35,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,, electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,€/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, @@ -724,11 +724,11 @@ fuel cell,investment,925.9439,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_fo fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.85,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.935,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,48.101,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +gas boiler steam,FOM,3.85,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.935,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenace, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0 @@ -769,16 +769,16 @@ hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_da hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.4286,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0886,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.3546,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.175,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,907.9542,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1063,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.3546,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,756.6285,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0886,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1922,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.175,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,864.006,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1063,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1922,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.825,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,720.005,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 @@ -885,16 +885,16 @@ solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,368.412,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Ag solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,3.0138,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,582.0219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,3.0138,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,582.0219,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2273,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.895,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,553.85,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, diff --git a/outputs/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/costs_2050.csv index 404c954..3bdbed2 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2050.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2050.csv @@ -14,21 +14,21 @@ Battery electric (trucks),lifetime,15.0,years,PATHS TO A CLIMATE-NEUTRAL ENERGY BioSNG,C in fuel,0.378,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,C stored,0.622,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BioSNG,CO2 stored,0.2281,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BioSNG,FOM,1.6067,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2015.0 -BioSNG,VOM,1.8005,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2015.0 +BioSNG,FOM,1.6067,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BioSNG,VOM,1.7014,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M",2020.0 BioSNG,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BioSNG,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2015.0 -BioSNG,investment,1687.9693,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2015.0 -BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BioSNG,efficiency,0.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG Output",2020.0 +BioSNG,investment,1595.1,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment",2020.0 +BioSNG,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime",2020.0 BtL,C in fuel,0.3156,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,C stored,0.6844,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, BtL,CO2 stored,0.251,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -BtL,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2015.0 -BtL,VOM,1.1957,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2015.0 +BtL,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M",2020.0 +BtL,VOM,1.1299,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M",2020.0 BtL,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -BtL,efficiency,0.45,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2015.0 +BtL,efficiency,0.45,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Electricity Output",2020.0 BtL,investment,2078.9555,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment",2017.0 -BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2015.0 +BtL,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime",2020.0 CCGT,FOM,3.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M",2015.0 CCGT,VOM,4.2329,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M",2015.0 CCGT,c_b,2.2,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient",2015.0 @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ FT fuel transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as fo FT fuel transport ship,investment,35000000.0,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.",,2017.0 -Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.3632,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2015.0 +Fischer-Tropsch,VOM,2.2331,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",102 Hydrogen to Jet: Variable O&M,2020.0 Fischer-Tropsch,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,0.276,t_CO2/MWh_FT,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT).", Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.799,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.",,2017.0 @@ -424,26 +424,26 @@ battery inverter,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_cata battery storage,investment,79.3666,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment,2015.0 battery storage,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime,2015.0 biogas,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2015.0 +biogas,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, biogas,fuel,62.4351,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 -biogas,investment,917.8519,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2015.0 -biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biogas,investment,867.3532,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biogas CC,CO2 stored,0.0868,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2015.0 +biogas CC,FOM,7.7769,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Total O&M",2020.0 biogas CC,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, biogas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output,, -biogas CC,investment,917.8519,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2015.0 -biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.4307,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,investment,510.4419,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2015.0 -biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,VOM,2.8565,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,investment,132.4623,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2015.0 -biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2015.0 +biogas CC,investment,867.3532,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Specific investment",2020.0 +biogas CC,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas, Basic plant, small: Technical lifetime",2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,VOM,2.2969,EUR/MWh_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Variable O&M,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,investment,482.3582,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment,2020.0 +biogas plus hydrogen,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +biogas upgrading,FOM,17.0397,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Fixed O&M ",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,VOM,2.6993,EUR/MWh output,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Variable O&M",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,investment,125.1744,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)",2020.0 +biogas upgrading,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Upgrading 3,000 Nm3 per h: Technical lifetime",2020.0 biomass,FOM,4.5269,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 biomass,fuel,7.4076,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 @@ -457,15 +457,15 @@ biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3003,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_fo biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.7083,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 biomass CHP,investment,3081.7978,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment ",2015.0 biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime",2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,investment,2116443.2541,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 -biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2015.0 +biomass CHP capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,heat-output,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,investment,2000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 +biomass CHP capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP,2020.0 biomass EOP,FOM,3.5368,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 biomass EOP,VOM,2.222,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 biomass EOP,c_b,0.4564,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 @@ -487,23 +487,23 @@ biomass boiler,pelletizing cost,9.0,EUR/MWh_pellets,Assumption based on doi:10.1 biomass-to-methanol,C in fuel,0.44,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,C stored,0.56,per unit,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, biomass-to-methanol,CO2 stored,0.2053,tCO2/MWh_th,"Stoichiometric calculation, doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120016",, -biomass-to-methanol,FOM,2.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,VOM,15.3075,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,FOM,2.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Fixed O&M,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,VOM,14.4653,EUR/MWh_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Variable O&M,2020.0 biomass-to-methanol,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,investment,1643.5923,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2015.0 -biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,electricity-input,0.018,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,investment,1904798.9287,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 -cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2015.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency,0.65,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Methanol Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-electricity,0.02,MWh_e/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Electricity Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,efficiency-heat,0.22,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: District heat Output,",2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,investment,1553.1646,EUR/kW_MeOH,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Specific investment,2020.0 +biomass-to-methanol,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",97 Methanol from biomass gasif.: Technical lifetime,2020.0 +cement capture,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,capture_rate,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-electricity-input,0.075,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,compression-heat-output,0.13,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,electricity-input,0.018,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-input,0.66,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,heat-output,1.48,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,investment,1800000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 +cement capture,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln,2020.0 central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.2336,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M",2015.0 central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.8255,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M",2015.0 central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average",2015.0 @@ -643,34 +643,34 @@ digestible biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. digestible biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, digestible biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, digestible biomass to hydrogen,investment,2648.1996,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,2014.0 -direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2015.0 -direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2015.0 -direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,investment,4232886.5082,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2015.0 -direct firing gas,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas,VOM,0.2963,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing gas,investment,15.8733,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.2963,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,investment,15.8733,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3522,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,investment,232.8088,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3522,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,232.8088,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2015.0 -direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +direct air capture,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,electricity-input,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output).",2020.0 +direct air capture,heat-input,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative: Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019).",2020.0 +direct air capture,heat-output,0.75,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,investment,4000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct air capture,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture,2020.0 +direct firing gas,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,FOM,1.0303,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,VOM,0.282,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,investment,15.105,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing gas CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.a Direct firing Natural Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,FOM,1.4091,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,VOM,0.3351,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Variable O&M,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,efficiency,1.0,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,investment,221.54,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Nominal investment,2019.0 +direct firing solid fuels CC,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",312.b Direct firing Sold Fuels: Technical lifetime,2019.0 direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,11.3,%/year,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost.",2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.,2020.0 direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect).",2020.0 @@ -686,11 +686,11 @@ electric arc furnace,electricity-input,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,"Mission Possible P electric arc furnace,hbi-input,1.0,t_hbi/t_steel,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,investment,1839600.0,EUR/t_steel/h,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.,2020.0 electric arc furnace,lifetime,40.0,years,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.,2020.0 -electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,VOM,0.8254,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -electric boiler steam,investment,74.0755,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2015.0 -electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2015.0 +electric boiler steam,FOM,1.3143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,VOM,0.7855,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +electric boiler steam,investment,70.49,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment,2019.0 +electric boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime,2019.0 electric steam cracker,FOM,3.0,%/year,Guesstimate,, electric steam cracker,VOM,190.4799,€/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",,2015.0 electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC, @@ -724,11 +724,11 @@ fuel cell,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_fo fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 -gas boiler steam,FOM,3.74,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0582,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.94,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -gas boiler steam,investment,48.101,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2015.0 -gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +gas boiler steam,FOM,3.74,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.94,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +gas boiler steam,investment,45.7727,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment,2019.0 +gas boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime,2019.0 gas storage,FOM,3.5919,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenace, salt cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,investment,0.0348,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)",2015.0 gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime",2015.0 @@ -769,16 +769,16 @@ hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_da hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M,2015.0 hydrogen storage underground,investment,1.2699,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment,2015.0 hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.3017,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,888.9062,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2015.0 -industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.3017,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.85,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,740.7551,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2015.0 -industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,FOM,0.0857,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,efficiency,3.2,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,investment,845.88,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump high temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,FOM,0.1029,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,VOM,3.1418,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,efficiency,2.85,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,investment,704.9,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment,2019.0 +industrial heat pump medium temperature,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime,2019.0 iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,97.73,EUR/t,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication.",2020.0 lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018,, lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 @@ -885,16 +885,16 @@ solar-utility single-axis tracking,investment,352.5127,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy A solar-utility single-axis tracking,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV tracker: Technical lifetime [years],2020.0 solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3667,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass,, solid biomass,fuel,13.6489,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040",,2010.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,3.0138,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,investment,567.5916,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,3.0138,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,567.5916,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2015.0 -solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2015.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,FOM,6.2831,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,VOM,2.8679,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,efficiency,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,investment,540.1182,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment,2019.0 +solid biomass boiler steam CC,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime,2019.0 solid biomass to hydrogen,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",, solid biomass to hydrogen,capture rate,0.9,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006,, solid biomass to hydrogen,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014",,