diff --git a/.luacheckrc b/.luacheckrc
index 169706afe..adeeb4c07 100644
--- a/.luacheckrc
+++ b/.luacheckrc
@@ -3,10 +3,6 @@ std = "ngx_lua"
 globals = {
   "DEBUG",
   "WORKER_GROUP_ID",
-  "config",
-  "elasticsearch_templates",
-  "inspect",
-  "user_agent_parser_data",
 }
 
 max_line_length = false
diff --git a/Taskfile.yml b/Taskfile.yml
index dc380643d..7394761f9 100644
--- a/Taskfile.yml
+++ b/Taskfile.yml
@@ -643,17 +643,30 @@ tasks:
       - ./build/work/stamp/test-deps/elasticsearch6
     method: checksum
 
-  test-deps:luacheck:
+  test-deps:lua:luacheck:
     deps:
       - deps:luarocks
     cmds:
-      - ./tasks/test-deps/luacheck
+      - ./tasks/test-deps/lua/luacheck
     sources:
       - ./build/work/stamp/deps/luarocks
-      - ./tasks/test-deps/luacheck
+      - ./tasks/test-deps/lua/luacheck
       - ./tasks/helpers.sh
     generates:
-      - ./build/work/stamp/test-deps/luacheck
+      - ./build/work/stamp/test-deps/lua/luacheck
+    method: checksum
+
+  test-deps:lua:penlight:
+    deps:
+      - deps:luarocks
+    cmds:
+      - ./tasks/test-deps/lua/penlight
+    sources:
+      - ./build/work/stamp/deps/luarocks
+      - ./tasks/test-deps/lua/penlight
+      - ./tasks/helpers.sh
+    generates:
+      - ./build/work/stamp/test-deps/lua/penlight
     method: checksum
 
   test-deps:mailhog:
@@ -721,7 +734,8 @@ tasks:
       - task: test-deps:bundle
       - task: test-deps:elasticsearch5
       - task: test-deps:elasticsearch6
-      - task: test-deps:luacheck
+      - task: test-deps:lua:luacheck
+      - task: test-deps:lua:penlight
       - task: test-deps:mailhog
       - task: test-deps:mongo-orchestration
       - task: test-deps:openldap
@@ -737,10 +751,16 @@ tasks:
 
   lint:lua:
     deps:
-      - test-deps:luacheck
+      - test-deps:lua:luacheck
     cmds:
       - ./tasks/lint/lua
 
+  lint:resty:
+    deps:
+      - test-deps:lua:penlight
+    cmds:
+      - ./tasks/lint/resty/run
+
   lint:ruby:
     deps:
       - test-deps:bundle
@@ -757,6 +777,7 @@ tasks:
     cmds:
       - task: lint:js
       - task: lint:lua
+      - task: lint:resty
       - task: lint:ruby
       - task: lint:shell
 
diff --git a/scripts/elasticsearch-v2-migrate/migrate.lua b/scripts/elasticsearch-v2-migrate/migrate.lua
index ccca41cb7..287fe4999 100644
--- a/scripts/elasticsearch-v2-migrate/migrate.lua
+++ b/scripts/elasticsearch-v2-migrate/migrate.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
-require "api-umbrella.proxy.startup.init_user_agent_parser_data"
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 
 -- local Date = require "pl.Date"
 local argparse = require "argparse"
diff --git a/scripts/import_access_logs/import.lua b/scripts/import_access_logs/import.lua
index acb3df535..97609570f 100644
--- a/scripts/import_access_logs/import.lua
+++ b/scripts/import_access_logs/import.lua
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
-require "api-umbrella.proxy.startup.init_user_agent_parser_data"
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 
-inspect = require "inspect"
 local cjson = require "cjson"
 local elasticsearch_encode_json = require "api-umbrella.utils.elasticsearch_encode_json"
 local http = require "resty.http"
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/auto-ssl/hooks/init.lua b/src/api-umbrella/auto-ssl/hooks/init.lua
index ad8a7f8e5..6ee9c53fd 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/auto-ssl/hooks/init.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/auto-ssl/hooks/init.lua
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local path = require "pl.path"
 
-config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
-
 auto_ssl = (require "resty.auto-ssl").new({
   dir = path.join(config["etc_dir"], "auto-ssl"),
   hook_server_port = config["auto_ssl"]["hook_server"]["port"],
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/auto-ssl/storage_adapters/mongodb.lua b/src/api-umbrella/auto-ssl/storage_adapters/mongodb.lua
index 5c97d26d0..86500f382 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/auto-ssl/storage_adapters/mongodb.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/auto-ssl/storage_adapters/mongodb.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 local aes = require "resty.aes"
-local inspect = require "inspect"
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local mongo = require "api-umbrella.utils.mongo"
 local path = require "pl.path"
 local resty_random = require "resty.random"
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ function _M.get(_, key)
       local aes_instance = assert(aes:new(ENCRYPTION_SECRET, nil, aes.cipher(256, "cbc"), { iv = res["encryption_iv"] }))
       res = aes_instance:decrypt(ngx.decode_base64(res["encrypted_value"]))
       if not res then
-        ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "auto-ssl: decryption failed: ", inspect(err))
+        ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "auto-ssl: decryption failed: ", (tostring(err) or ""))
         err = "decryption failed"
       end
     else
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/elasticsearch-aws-signing-proxy/init.lua b/src/api-umbrella/elasticsearch-aws-signing-proxy/init.lua
index c42c62cd1..fc7a472bc 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/elasticsearch-aws-signing-proxy/init.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/elasticsearch-aws-signing-proxy/init.lua
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-inspect = require "inspect"
-config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/elasticsearch-aws-signing-proxy/proxy.lua b/src/api-umbrella/elasticsearch-aws-signing-proxy/proxy.lua
index 687fe2ffc..7f302e0d6 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/elasticsearch-aws-signing-proxy/proxy.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/elasticsearch-aws-signing-proxy/proxy.lua
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
+
 local username = config["elasticsearch"]["aws_signing_proxy"]["username"]
 if not username then
   ngx.say("elasticsearch.aws_signing_proxy.username must be configured in /etc/api-umbrella/api-umbrella.yml")
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/http-api/health.lua b/src/api-umbrella/http-api/health.lua
index cd43c96be..edde755e6 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/http-api/health.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/http-api/health.lua
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local elasticsearch_query = require("api-umbrella.utils.elasticsearch").query
 local http = require "resty.http"
 local json_encode = require "api-umbrella.utils.json_encode"
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/startup/init_elasticsearch_templates_data.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/elasticsearch_templates_data.lua
similarity index 91%
rename from src/api-umbrella/proxy/startup/init_elasticsearch_templates_data.lua
rename to src/api-umbrella/proxy/elasticsearch_templates_data.lua
index a0acd7c14..a75348059 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/startup/init_elasticsearch_templates_data.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/elasticsearch_templates_data.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 local cjson = require "cjson"
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
+
+local elasticsearch_templates
 
 local path = os.getenv("API_UMBRELLA_SRC_ROOT") .. "/config/elasticsearch_templates_v" .. config["elasticsearch"]["template_version"]
 if config["elasticsearch"]["api_version"] >= 5 then
@@ -41,3 +44,5 @@ else
 
   f:close()
 end
+
+return elasticsearch_templates
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/error_handler.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/error_handler.lua
index 10ad9935f..7ba66b902 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/error_handler.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/error_handler.lua
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local deep_merge_overwrite_arrays = require "api-umbrella.utils.deep_merge_overwrite_arrays"
 local httpsify_current_url = require "api-umbrella.utils.httpsify_current_url"
 local is_hash = require "api-umbrella.utils.is_hash"
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/init.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/init.lua
index 11ce2dd77..fabc4c23c 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/init.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/init.lua
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 DEBUG = false
 
 -- Pre-load modules.
-require "resty.txid"
-
-inspect = require "inspect"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.hooks.init_preload_modules"
 
 -- Generate a unique ID to represent this group of worker processes. This value
 -- will be the same amongst all the subsequently inited workers, but the value
@@ -25,11 +23,6 @@ elseif incr_err then
   ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "worker_group_id incr err: ", incr_err)
 end
 
-config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
-
-require "api-umbrella.proxy.startup.init_elasticsearch_templates_data"
-require "api-umbrella.proxy.startup.init_user_agent_parser_data"
-
 ngx.shared.stats:delete("distributed_last_fetched_at")
 ngx.shared.api_users:delete("last_fetched_at")
 ngx.shared.active_config:set("elasticsearch_templates_created", false)
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/init_preload_modules.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/init_preload_modules.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a11d4c83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/init_preload_modules.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+-- Pre-load modules.
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.distributed_rate_limit_queue"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.elasticsearch_templates_data"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.error_handler"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.jobs.distributed_rate_limit_puller"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.jobs.distributed_rate_limit_pusher"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.jobs.elasticsearch_setup"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.jobs.load_api_users"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.jobs.load_db_config"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.log_utils"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.middleware.api_key_validator"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.middleware.api_matcher"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.middleware.api_settings"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.middleware.https_validator"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.middleware.ip_validator"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.middleware.rate_limit"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.middleware.referer_validator"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.middleware.rewrite_request"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.middleware.rewrite_response"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.middleware.role_validator"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.middleware.user_settings"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.middleware.website_matcher"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.active_config"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.db_config"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.startup.seed_database"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.user_agent_parser"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.user_agent_parser_data"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.user_store"
+require "api-umbrella.proxy.utils"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.array_last"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.deep_merge_overwrite_arrays"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.elasticsearch"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.escape_regex"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.escape_uri_non_ascii"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.flatten_headers"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.host_normalize"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.httpsify_current_url"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.interval_lock"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.invert_table"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.is_hash"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.matches_hostname"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.mongo"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.mustache_unescape"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.nillify_json_nulls"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.nillify_yaml_nulls"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.random_token"
+require "api-umbrella.utils.redirect_matches_to_https"
+require "cjson"
+require "cmsgpack"
+require "iconv"
+require "icu-date"
+require "libcidr-ffi"
+require "lustache"
+require "lyaml"
+require "pl.path"
+require "pl.seq"
+require "pl.stringx"
+require "pl.tablex"
+require "pl.types"
+require "pl.utils"
+require "resty.logger.socket"
+require "resty.lrucache.pureffi"
+require "resty.sha256"
+require "resty.string"
+require "resty.txid"
+require "resty.uuid"
+require "shcache"
+require "socket.url"
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/rewrite.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/rewrite.lua
index 6028a89aa..7ea076f1f 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/rewrite.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/rewrite.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 local api_matcher = require "api-umbrella.proxy.middleware.api_matcher"
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local error_handler = require "api-umbrella.proxy.error_handler"
 local host_normalize = require "api-umbrella.utils.host_normalize"
 local redirect_matches_to_https = require "api-umbrella.utils.redirect_matches_to_https"
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/set_x_api_umbrella_request_id.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/set_x_api_umbrella_request_id.lua
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4210087c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/set_x_api_umbrella_request_id.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+local txid = require "resty.txid"
+return txid()
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/jobs/distributed_rate_limit_pusher.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/jobs/distributed_rate_limit_pusher.lua
index d9fcb6fe7..8d206cf23 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/jobs/distributed_rate_limit_pusher.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/jobs/distributed_rate_limit_pusher.lua
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 local _M = {}
 
 local array_last = require "api-umbrella.utils.array_last"
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local distributed_rate_limit_queue = require "api-umbrella.proxy.distributed_rate_limit_queue"
 local mongo = require "api-umbrella.utils.mongo"
 local plutils = require "pl.utils"
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/jobs/elasticsearch_setup.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/jobs/elasticsearch_setup.lua
index 0d1e16251..306d27352 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/jobs/elasticsearch_setup.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/jobs/elasticsearch_setup.lua
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 local _M = {}
 
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local elasticsearch_query = require("api-umbrella.utils.elasticsearch").query
+local elasticsearch_templates = require "api-umbrella.proxy.elasticsearch_templates_data"
 local interval_lock = require "api-umbrella.utils.interval_lock"
 
 local delay = 3600  -- in seconds
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/log_utils.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/log_utils.lua
index d4a92f4ec..2f3e74c64 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/log_utils.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/log_utils.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 local cjson = require "cjson"
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local escape_uri_non_ascii = require "api-umbrella.utils.escape_uri_non_ascii"
 local iconv = require "iconv"
 local icu_date = require "icu-date"
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/api_key_validator.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/api_key_validator.lua
index ab1447b32..fb7181b1c 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/api_key_validator.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/api_key_validator.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-local user_store = require "api-umbrella.proxy.user_store"
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local types = require "pl.types"
+local user_store = require "api-umbrella.proxy.user_store"
 
 local get_user = user_store.get
 local is_empty = types.is_empty
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/api_matcher.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/api_matcher.lua
index b1910f681..4eafe8b55 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/api_matcher.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/api_matcher.lua
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local matches_hostname = require "api-umbrella.utils.matches_hostname"
 local stringx = require "pl.stringx"
 local utils = require "api-umbrella.proxy.utils"
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/api_settings.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/api_settings.lua
index cb245d3e7..c54dd2856 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/api_settings.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/api_settings.lua
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local deep_merge_overwrite_arrays = require "api-umbrella.utils.deep_merge_overwrite_arrays"
 local seq = require "pl.seq"
 local tablex = require "pl.tablex"
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/rate_limit.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/rate_limit.lua
index 6619f7047..9700f36e3 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/rate_limit.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/rate_limit.lua
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local distributed_rate_limit_queue = require "api-umbrella.proxy.distributed_rate_limit_queue"
 
 local function bucket_keys(settings, user, limit, current_time)
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/rewrite_request.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/rewrite_request.lua
index e2489f1ea..ddb1c8408 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/rewrite_request.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/rewrite_request.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-local inspect = require "inspect"
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local lustache = require "lustache"
 local plutils = require "pl.utils"
 local stringx = require "pl.stringx"
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ local function set_headers(settings)
         if ok then
           value = output
         else
-          ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Mustache rendering error while rendering error template: " .. inspect(output))
+          ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Mustache rendering error while rendering error template: " .. (tostring(output) or ""))
         end
       else
         value = header["value"]
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ local function url_rewrites(api)
             if ok then
               new_uri = output
             else
-              ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Mustache rendering error while rendering error template: " .. inspect(output))
+              ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Mustache rendering error while rendering error template: " .. (tostring(output) or ""))
             end
 
             if rewrite["_backend_replacement_args"] then
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ local function url_rewrites(api)
               if ok then
                 new_uri = new_uri .. "?" .. output
               else
-                ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Mustache rendering error while rendering error template: " .. inspect(output))
+                ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Mustache rendering error while rendering error template: " .. (tostring(output) or ""))
               end
             end
           end
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/rewrite_response.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/rewrite_response.lua
index 0809facde..0f41c332b 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/rewrite_response.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/rewrite_response.lua
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local stringx = require "pl.stringx"
 local url = require "socket.url"
 local utils = require "api-umbrella.proxy.utils"
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/website_matcher.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/website_matcher.lua
index 86132b684..dfcd9e0b0 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/website_matcher.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/middleware/website_matcher.lua
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local matches_hostname = require "api-umbrella.utils.matches_hostname"
 
 return function(active_config)
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/models/active_config.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/models/active_config.lua
index 6788888ed..66f66c20d 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/models/active_config.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/models/active_config.lua
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 local cidr = require "libcidr-ffi"
 local cjson = require "cjson"
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local escape_regex = require "api-umbrella.utils.escape_regex"
 local host_normalize = require "api-umbrella.utils.host_normalize"
 local mustache_unescape = require "api-umbrella.utils.mustache_unescape"
 local plutils = require "pl.utils"
 local random_token = require "api-umbrella.utils.random_token"
+local startswith = require("pl.stringx").startswith
 local tablex = require "pl.tablex"
 local utils = require "api-umbrella.proxy.utils"
-local startswith = require("pl.stringx").startswith
 
 local append_array = utils.append_array
 local cache_computed_settings = utils.cache_computed_settings
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/startup/seed_database.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/startup/seed_database.lua
index a2349426e..ee0c74013 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/startup/seed_database.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/startup/seed_database.lua
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local deep_merge_overwrite_arrays = require "api-umbrella.utils.deep_merge_overwrite_arrays"
 local interval_lock = require "api-umbrella.utils.interval_lock"
 local mongo = require "api-umbrella.utils.mongo"
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/user_agent_parser.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/user_agent_parser.lua
index 4d2952c01..4b2460ecf 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/user_agent_parser.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/user_agent_parser.lua
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 local lrucache = require "resty.lrucache.pureffi"
+local data = require "api-umbrella.proxy.user_agent_parser_data"
 
-local data = user_agent_parser_data
+-- local data = user_agent_parser_data
 local cache = lrucache.new(500)
 
 return function(user_agent)
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/startup/init_user_agent_parser_data.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/user_agent_parser_data.lua
similarity index 88%
rename from src/api-umbrella/proxy/startup/init_user_agent_parser_data.lua
rename to src/api-umbrella/proxy/user_agent_parser_data.lua
index 9d7ed18c8..bb0941dfa 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/startup/init_user_agent_parser_data.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/user_agent_parser_data.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 local cjson = require "cjson"
 
+local user_agent_parser_data
+
 local path = os.getenv("API_UMBRELLA_SRC_ROOT") .. "/config/user_agent_data.json"
 local f, err = io.open(path, "rb")
 if err then
@@ -17,3 +19,5 @@ else
 
   f:close()
 end
+
+return user_agent_parser_data
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/user_store.lua b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/user_store.lua
index 6ca87e4e2..a25331e2a 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/proxy/user_store.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/proxy/user_store.lua
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 local _M = {}
 
-local cmsgpack = require "cmsgpack"
 local cjson = require "cjson"
+local cmsgpack = require "cmsgpack"
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local invert_table = require "api-umbrella.utils.invert_table"
 local lrucache = require "resty.lrucache.pureffi"
 local mongo = require "api-umbrella.utils.mongo"
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/utils/elasticsearch.lua b/src/api-umbrella/utils/elasticsearch.lua
index d4cc77273..b497c962a 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/utils/elasticsearch.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/utils/elasticsearch.lua
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local http = require "resty.http"
 local is_empty = require("pl.types").is_empty
 local json_decode = require("cjson").decode
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/utils/httpsify_current_url.lua b/src/api-umbrella/utils/httpsify_current_url.lua
index e2363f226..7043e5089 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/utils/httpsify_current_url.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/utils/httpsify_current_url.lua
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
+
 return function()
   local https_url = {
     config["override_public_https_proto"] or "https",
diff --git a/src/api-umbrella/utils/mongo.lua b/src/api-umbrella/utils/mongo.lua
index 0451880bb..168d6004d 100644
--- a/src/api-umbrella/utils/mongo.lua
+++ b/src/api-umbrella/utils/mongo.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 local cjson = require "cjson"
+local config = require "api-umbrella.proxy.models.file_config"
 local http = require "resty.http"
 local stringx = require "pl.stringx"
 local types = require "pl.types"
diff --git a/tasks/lint/lua b/tasks/lint/lua
index df8e13f90..36c17fa3d 100755
--- a/tasks/lint/lua
+++ b/tasks/lint/lua
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ set +x
 export LUA_PATH="$TEST_VENDOR_LUA_SHARE_DIR/?.lua;$TEST_VENDOR_LUA_SHARE_DIR/?/init.lua;;"
 export LUA_CPATH="$TEST_VENDOR_LUA_LIB_DIR/?.so;;"
 
-mapfile -t files < <(git ls-files | grep '\.lua$')
+mapfile -t lua_files < <(git ls-files | grep '\.lua$')
+mapfile -t shebang_files < <(git grep -El "^#!/.*(resty|lua)" || true)
+files=(
+  "${lua_files[@]}"
+  "${shebang_files[@]}"
+)
 set -x
 "$TEST_VENDOR_DIR/bin/luacheck" "${files[@]}"
diff --git a/tasks/lint/resty/check_preload b/tasks/lint/resty/check_preload
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..073686456
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tasks/lint/resty/check_preload
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env resty
+-- vi: set ft=lua :
+
+local dir = require "pl.dir"
+local file = require "pl.file"
+local lexer = require "pl.lexer"
+local path = require "pl.path"
+
+local function parse_require_paths(file_path)
+  local source = file.read(file_path)
+  if not source then
+    error("Could not read file " .. file_path)
+    return
+  end
+
+  local require_paths = {}
+  local next_string_is_require_path = false
+  for t, v in lexer.lua(source) do
+    if t == "iden" and v == "require" then
+      next_string_is_require_path = true
+    end
+
+    if next_string_is_require_path and t == "string" then
+      require_paths[v] = true
+      next_string_is_require_path = false
+    end
+  end
+
+  return require_paths
+end
+
+local function parse_require_paths_in_dir(src_dir, preload_file)
+  local require_paths = {}
+  for file_path in dir.getallfiles(path.abspath(src_dir), "*.lua"):iter() do
+    if file_path ~= preload_file then
+      local file_require_paths = parse_require_paths(file_path)
+      for file_require_path, _ in pairs(file_require_paths) do
+        require_paths[file_require_path] = true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  return require_paths
+end
+
+local function check(src_dir, preload_file)
+  local preload_require_path = string.gsub(preload_file, "^src/", "")
+  preload_require_path = string.gsub(preload_require_path, "%.lua$", "")
+  preload_require_path = string.gsub(preload_require_path, "/", ".")
+
+  src_dir = path.abspath(src_dir)
+  preload_file = path.abspath(preload_file)
+
+  local dir_require_paths = parse_require_paths_in_dir(src_dir, preload_file)
+  local preload_require_paths = parse_require_paths(preload_file)
+  local missing_preload_require_paths = {}
+  local extra_preload_require_paths = {}
+  for require_path, _ in pairs(dir_require_paths) do
+    if not preload_require_paths[require_path] and require_path ~= preload_require_path then
+      table.insert(missing_preload_require_paths, require_path)
+    end
+  end
+  for require_path, _ in pairs(preload_require_paths) do
+    if not dir_require_paths[require_path] then
+      table.insert(extra_preload_require_paths, require_path)
+    end
+  end
+
+  local ok = true
+  if #missing_preload_require_paths > 0 then
+    print("Error: Missing expected require statements in " .. preload_file)
+    print("Missing requires to add:\n")
+
+    table.sort(missing_preload_require_paths)
+    for _, require_path in ipairs(missing_preload_require_paths) do
+      print('require "' .. require_path .. '"')
+    end
+    print("")
+
+    ok = false
+  end
+
+  if #extra_preload_require_paths > 0 then
+    print("Error: Extra require statements in " .. preload_file)
+    print("Extra requires to remove:\n")
+
+    table.sort(extra_preload_require_paths)
+    for _, require_path in ipairs(extra_preload_require_paths) do
+      print('require "' .. require_path .. '"')
+    end
+    print("")
+
+    ok = false
+  end
+
+  if ok then
+    print(preload_file .. ": OK")
+  end
+
+  return ok
+end
+
+local ok = check("src/api-umbrella/proxy", "src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/init_preload_modules.lua")
+if not ok then
+  os.exit(1)
+end
diff --git a/tasks/lint/resty/run b/tasks/lint/resty/run
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d1d3951f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tasks/lint/resty/run
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e -u -x
+source ./tasks/helpers.sh
+set +x
+
+export LUA_PATH="$TEST_VENDOR_LUA_SHARE_DIR/?.lua;$TEST_VENDOR_LUA_SHARE_DIR/?/init.lua;;"
+export LUA_CPATH="$TEST_VENDOR_LUA_LIB_DIR/?.so;;"
+export PATH="$STAGE_EMBEDDED_PATH"
+export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$STAGE_EMBEDDED_DIR/openresty/luajit/lib:$STAGE_EMBEDDED_DIR/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:-}"
+
+set -x
+"$SOURCE_DIR/tasks/lint/resty/check_preload"
diff --git a/tasks/test-deps/luacheck b/tasks/test-deps/lua/luacheck
similarity index 100%
rename from tasks/test-deps/luacheck
rename to tasks/test-deps/lua/luacheck
diff --git a/tasks/test-deps/lua/penlight b/tasks/test-deps/lua/penlight
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..080103540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tasks/test-deps/lua/penlight
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+lua_penlight_version="1.5.4-1"
+
+set -e -u -x
+source ./tasks/helpers.sh
+
+test_luarocks_install "penlight" "$lua_penlight_version"
+
+stamp
diff --git a/templates/etc/nginx/gatekeeper.conf.mustache b/templates/etc/nginx/gatekeeper.conf.mustache
index 020e447d8..1bec0bcda 100644
--- a/templates/etc/nginx/gatekeeper.conf.mustache
+++ b/templates/etc/nginx/gatekeeper.conf.mustache
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-set_by_lua_block $x_api_umbrella_request_id {
-  local txid = require "resty.txid"
-  return txid()
-}
+set_by_lua_file $x_api_umbrella_request_id "{{_src_root_dir}}/src/api-umbrella/proxy/hooks/set_x_api_umbrella_request_id.lua";
 proxy_set_header X-Api-Umbrella-Request-ID $x_api_umbrella_request_id;
 
 # Don't buffer proxied requests to allow for streaming APIs.