diff --git a/DESCRIPTION b/DESCRIPTION
index 300f4eea..7ada206b 100644
--- a/DESCRIPTION
+++ b/DESCRIPTION
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Package: amadeus
 Title: AMADEUS: A Mechanism/Machine for Data, Environments, and User Setup
-Version: 0.1.1
+Version: 0.1.2
 Authors@R: c(
     person("Kyle", "Messier", , "kyle.messier@nih.gov", role = c("aut", "cre"), comment = c(ORCID = "0000-0001-9508-9623")),
     person("Mitchell", "Manware", role = c("aut", "ctb"), comment = c(ORCID = "0009-0003-6440-6106")),
diff --git a/NAMESPACE b/NAMESPACE
index b01b1d51..90fd897f 100644
--- a/NAMESPACE
+++ b/NAMESPACE
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ export(download_aqs_data)
 export(download_data)
 export(download_ecoregion_data)
 export(download_epa_certificate)
-export(download_geos_cf_data)
+export(download_geos_data)
 export(download_gmted_data)
 export(download_hms_data)
 export(download_koppen_geiger_data)
diff --git a/R/download.R b/R/download.R
index c0a9ce4d..b3f9ca0b 100644
--- a/R/download.R
+++ b/R/download.R
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #' Please refer to:
 #' * \link{download_aqs_data}: "aqs", "AQS"
 #' * \link{download_ecoregion_data}: "ecoregion"
-#' * \link{download_geos_cf_data}: "geos"
+#' * \link{download_geos_data}: "geos"
 #' * \link{download_gmted_data}: "gmted", "GMTED"
 #' * \link{download_koppen_geiger_data}: "koppen", "koppengeiger"
 #' * \link{download_merra2_data}: "merra2", "merra", "MERRA", "MERRA2"
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ download_data <-
     what_to_run <- switch(dataset_name,
       aqs = download_aqs_data,
       ecoregion = download_ecoregion_data,
-      geos = download_geos_cf_data,
+      geos = download_geos_data,
       gmted = download_gmted_data,
       koppen = download_koppen_geiger_data,
       koppengeiger = download_koppen_geiger_data,
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ download_aqs_data <-
       data_download_acknowledgement =
         data_download_acknowledgement
     )
-    #### 2. check for null parameteres
+    #### 2. check for null parameters
     check_for_null_parameters(mget(ls()))
     #### 3. directory setup
     directory_to_download <- download_sanitize_path(directory_to_download)
@@ -370,25 +370,23 @@ download_ecoregion_data <- function(
   #### 14. remove download command
   download_remove_command(commands_txt = commands_txt,
                           remove = remove_command)
-  if (download) {
-    #### 15. unzip files
-    download_unzip(
-      file_name = download_name,
-      directory_to_unzip = directory_to_save,
-      unzip = unzip
-    )
-    #### 16. remove zip files
-    download_remove_zips(
-      remove = remove_zip,
-      download_name = download_name
-    )
-  }
+  #### 15. unzip files
+  download_unzip(
+    file_name = download_name,
+    directory_to_unzip = directory_to_save,
+    unzip = unzip
+  )
+  #### 16. remove zip files
+  download_remove_zips(
+    remove = remove_zip,
+    download_name = download_name
+  )
 }
 
 # nolint start 
 #' Download atmospheric composition data from the NASA Global Earth Observing System (GEOS) model.
 #' @description
-#' The \code{download_goes_cf_data()} function accesses and downloads various
+#' The \code{download_geos_data()} function accesses and downloads various
 #' atmospheric composition collections from the [NASA Global Earth Observing System (GEOS) model](https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/GEOS_systems/).
 # nolint end
 #' @param date_start character(1). length of 10. Start date for downloading
@@ -409,7 +407,7 @@ download_ecoregion_data <- function(
 #' @author Mitchell Manware, Insang Song
 #' @return NULL;
 #' @export
-download_geos_cf_data <- function(
+download_geos_data <- function(
     date_start = "2023-09-01",
     date_end = "2023-09-01",
     collection =
@@ -643,24 +641,22 @@ download_gmted_data <- function(
     download = download,
     system_command = system_command
   )
-  #### 18. Remove command file
+  #### 17. Remove command file
   download_remove_command(
     commands_txt = commands_txt,
     remove = remove_command
   )
-  if (download) {
-    #### 17. end if unzip == FALSE
-    download_unzip(
-      file_name = download_name,
-      directory_to_unzip = directory_to_save,
-      unzip = unzip
-    )
-    #### 19. remove zip files
-    download_remove_zips(
-      remove = remove_zip,
-      download_name = download_name
-    )
-  }
+  #### 18. end if unzip == FALSE
+  download_unzip(
+    file_name = download_name,
+    directory_to_unzip = directory_to_save,
+    unzip = unzip
+  )
+  #### 19. remove zip files
+  download_remove_zips(
+    remove = remove_zip,
+    download_name = download_name
+  )
 }
 
 # nolint start
diff --git a/R/download_test_support.R b/R/download_test_support.R
index d4790069..7d53a900 100644
--- a/R/download_test_support.R
+++ b/R/download_test_support.R
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 #' Check if sample of download URLs have HTTP Status 200
 #' @param url Download URL to be checked.
-#' @param method httr method to obtain URL (`"HEAD"`` or `"GET"`)
+#' @param method httr method to obtain URL (`"HEAD"` or `"GET"`)
 #' @author Insang Song; Mitchell Manware
 #' @importFrom httr HEAD
 #' @importFrom httr GET
diff --git a/R/process.R b/R/process.R
index 2ee10113..589f930c 100644
--- a/R/process.R
+++ b/R/process.R
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #' - [`process_nlcd`]: `"nlcd"`, `"NLCD"`
 #' - [`process_tri`]: `"tri"`, `"TRI"`
 #' - [`process_nei`]: `"nei"`, `"NEI`
+#' - [`process_geos`]: `"geos"`
 #' - [`process_gmted`]: `"gmted"`, `"GMTED"`
 #' - [`process_aqs`]: `"aqs"`, `"AQS"`
 #' - [`process_hms`]: `"hms"`, `"HMS"`, `"smoke"`
@@ -76,8 +77,12 @@ process_covariates <-
       }, error = function(e) {
         print(e)
         print(args(what_to_run))
-        stop("Please refer to the argument list and
-the error message above to rectify the error.\n")
+        stop(
+          paste0(
+            "Please refer to the argument list and the error message above to ",
+            "rectify the error.\n"
+          )
+        )
       })
 
     return(res_covariate)
@@ -618,7 +623,7 @@ process_nlcd <-
 #' @export
 process_ecoregion <-
   function(
-    path = "./input/data/ecoregions/raw/us_eco_l3_state_boundaries.shp"
+    path = NULL
   ) {
     ecoreg <- terra::vect(path)
     ecoreg <- ecoreg[, grepl("^(L2_KEY|L3_KEY)", names(ecoreg))]
@@ -655,8 +660,7 @@ process_conformity <-
       locs_epsg <- locs$crs_dt
     } else {
       if (!all(keyword %in% names(locs))) {
-        stop("locs should be stdt or 
-have 'lon', 'lat', (and 'time') fields.\n")
+        stop("locs should be stdt or have 'lon', 'lat', (and 'time') fields.\n")
       }
       if (!methods::is(locs, "SpatVector")) {
         if (methods::is(locs, "sf")) {
@@ -1318,7 +1322,7 @@ process_gmted <- function(
 process_narr <- function(
     date = c("2023-09-01", "2023-09-01"),
     variable = NULL,
-    path = "../../data/covariates/narr/") {
+    path = NULL) {
   #### directory setup
   path <- download_sanitize_path(path)
   #### check for variable
@@ -1453,7 +1457,7 @@ process_narr <- function(
 }
 
 #' Import and clean GEOS-CF data downloaded with
-#' `download_geos_cf_data` or `download_data(dataset_name = "geos")`. Function
+#' `download_geos_data` or `download_data(dataset_name = "geos")`. Function
 #' returns a SpatRast object containing the user-defined variables of interest.
 #' Layer names indicate the variable, pressure level, date (YYYYMMDD), and, if
 #' applicable, the hour (HHMMSS).
@@ -1474,7 +1478,7 @@ process_narr <- function(
 process_geos <-
   function(date = c("2018-01-01", "2018-01-01"),
            variable = NULL,
-           path = "../../data/covariates/geos_cf/") {
+           path = NULL) {
     #### directory setup
     path <- download_sanitize_path(path)
     #### check for variable
diff --git a/man/check_url_status.Rd b/man/check_url_status.Rd
index 01e054c2..ebc20a52 100644
--- a/man/check_url_status.Rd
+++ b/man/check_url_status.Rd
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ check_url_status(url, method = c("HEAD", "GET"))
 \arguments{
 \item{url}{Download URL to be checked.}
 
-\item{method}{httr method to obtain URL (\verb{"HEAD"`` or }"GET"`)}
+\item{method}{httr method to obtain URL (\code{"HEAD"} or \code{"GET"})}
 }
 \value{
 logical object
diff --git a/man/download_data.Rd b/man/download_data.Rd
index d8193a5a..12040288 100644
--- a/man/download_data.Rd
+++ b/man/download_data.Rd
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Please refer to:
 \itemize{
 \item \link{download_aqs_data}: "aqs", "AQS"
 \item \link{download_ecoregion_data}: "ecoregion"
-\item \link{download_geos_cf_data}: "geos"
+\item \link{download_geos_data}: "geos"
 \item \link{download_gmted_data}: "gmted", "GMTED"
 \item \link{download_koppen_geiger_data}: "koppen", "koppengeiger"
 \item \link{download_merra2_data}: "merra2", "merra", "MERRA", "MERRA2"
diff --git a/man/download_geos_cf_data.Rd b/man/download_geos_data.Rd
similarity index 91%
rename from man/download_geos_cf_data.Rd
rename to man/download_geos_data.Rd
index 1aacd9d8..9e35dc95 100644
--- a/man/download_geos_cf_data.Rd
+++ b/man/download_geos_data.Rd
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 % Generated by roxygen2: do not edit by hand
 % Please edit documentation in R/download.R
-\name{download_geos_cf_data}
-\alias{download_geos_cf_data}
+\name{download_geos_data}
+\alias{download_geos_data}
 \title{Download atmospheric composition data from the NASA Global Earth Observing System (GEOS) model.}
 \usage{
-download_geos_cf_data(
+download_geos_data(
   date_start = "2023-09-01",
   date_end = "2023-09-01",
   collection = c("aqc_tavg_1hr_g1440x721_v1", "chm_tavg_1hr_g1440x721_v1",
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ the text file containing download commands.}
 NULL;
 }
 \description{
-The \code{download_goes_cf_data()} function accesses and downloads various
+The \code{download_geos_data()} function accesses and downloads various
 atmospheric composition collections from the \href{https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/GEOS_systems/}{NASA Global Earth Observing System (GEOS) model}.
 }
 \author{
diff --git a/man/process_covariates.Rd b/man/process_covariates.Rd
index 1c494837..564ea546 100644
--- a/man/process_covariates.Rd
+++ b/man/process_covariates.Rd
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ Process covariates
 \item \code{\link{process_nlcd}}: \code{"nlcd"}, \code{"NLCD"}
 \item \code{\link{process_tri}}: \code{"tri"}, \code{"TRI"}
 \item \code{\link{process_nei}}: \code{"nei"}, \verb{"NEI}
+\item 
 \item \code{\link{process_gmted}}: \code{"gmted"}, \code{"GMTED"}
 \item \code{\link{process_aqs}}: \code{"aqs"}, \code{"AQS"}
 \item \code{\link{process_hms}}: \code{"hms"}, \code{"HMS"}, \code{"smoke"}
diff --git a/man/process_ecoregion.Rd b/man/process_ecoregion.Rd
index bb6043d6..0ebd3a1d 100644
--- a/man/process_ecoregion.Rd
+++ b/man/process_ecoregion.Rd
@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@
 \alias{process_ecoregion}
 \title{Process EPA Ecoregion shapefiles}
 \usage{
-process_ecoregion(
-  path = "./input/data/ecoregions/raw/us_eco_l3_state_boundaries.shp"
-)
+process_ecoregion(path = NULL)
 }
 \arguments{
 \item{path}{character(1). Path to Ecoregion Shapefiles}
diff --git a/man/process_geos.Rd b/man/process_geos.Rd
index b4263d50..dfe90fa9 100644
--- a/man/process_geos.Rd
+++ b/man/process_geos.Rd
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 \name{process_geos}
 \alias{process_geos}
 \title{Import and clean GEOS-CF data downloaded with
-\code{download_geos_cf_data} or \code{download_data(dataset_name = "geos")}. Function
+\code{download_geos_data} or \code{download_data(dataset_name = "geos")}. Function
 returns a SpatRast object containing the user-defined variables of interest.
 Layer names indicate the variable, pressure level, date (YYYYMMDD), and, if
 applicable, the hour (HHMMSS).}
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ applicable, the hour (HHMMSS).}
 process_geos(
   date = c("2018-01-01", "2018-01-01"),
   variable = NULL,
-  path = "../../data/covariates/geos_cf/"
+  path = NULL
 )
 }
 \arguments{
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ a SpatRaster object;
 }
 \description{
 Import and clean GEOS-CF data downloaded with
-\code{download_geos_cf_data} or \code{download_data(dataset_name = "geos")}. Function
+\code{download_geos_data} or \code{download_data(dataset_name = "geos")}. Function
 returns a SpatRast object containing the user-defined variables of interest.
 Layer names indicate the variable, pressure level, date (YYYYMMDD), and, if
 applicable, the hour (HHMMSS).
diff --git a/man/process_narr.Rd b/man/process_narr.Rd
index 06b86e77..47f47e1b 100644
--- a/man/process_narr.Rd
+++ b/man/process_narr.Rd
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ of interest. Layer names indicate the variable, pressure level, and date
 process_narr(
   date = c("2023-09-01", "2023-09-01"),
   variable = NULL,
-  path = "../../data/covariates/narr/"
+  path = NULL
 )
 }
 \arguments{
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-calculate_covariates.R b/tests/testthat/test-calculate_covariates.R
index 05bc8b83..e6842a42 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test-calculate_covariates.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-calculate_covariates.R
@@ -81,6 +81,22 @@ testthat::test_that("calc_dummies works well", {
 
 })
 
+testthat::test_that("calc_temporal_dummies errors.", {
+  withr::local_package("terra")
+  ncp <- data.frame(lon = -78.8277, lat = 35.95013)
+  ncp$site_id <- "3799900018810101"
+  testthat::expect_error(
+    calc_temporal_dummies(
+      ncp
+    )
+  )
+  testthat::expect_error(
+    calc_temporal_dummies(
+      terra::vect(ncp)
+    )
+  )
+})
+
 testthat::test_that("calc_ecoregion works well", {
   withr::local_package("terra")
   withr::local_package("sf")
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-download_functions.R b/tests/testthat/test-download_functions.R
index d736b96e..8f2a08cd 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test-download_functions.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-download_functions.R
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#' @author Mitchell Manware
-#' @description Unit test for for checking data download functions.
+## test for download functions
+
 testthat::test_that("Error when data_download_acknowledgement = FALSE", {
   download_datasets <- c("aqs", "ecoregion", "geos", "gmted", "koppen",
                          "koppengeiger", "merra2", "merra", "narr_monolevel",
@@ -35,49 +35,50 @@ testthat::test_that("Error when one parameter is NULL.", {
 
 testthat::test_that("Errors when temporal ranges invalid.", {
   expect_error(
-    download_geos_cf_data(
+    download_geos_data(
       date_start = "1900-01-01",
       collection = "aqc_tavg_1hr_g1440x721_v1",
       data_download_acknowledgement = TRUE,
-      directory_to_save = "../testdata"
+      directory_to_save = testthat::test_path("..", "testdata/", "")
     )
   )
   expect_error(
     download_aqs_data(
       year_start = 1900,
       data_download_acknowledgement = TRUE,
-      directory_to_save = "../testdata"
+      directory_to_save = testthat::test_path("..", "testdata/", ""),
+      directory_to_download = testthat::test_path("..", "testdata/", "")
     )
   )
   expect_error(
     download_narr_monolevel_data(
       year_start = 1900,
-      collection = "air.sfc",
+      variables = "air.sfc",
       data_download_acknowledgement = TRUE,
-      directory_to_save = "../testdata"
+      directory_to_save = testthat::test_path("..", "testdata/", "")
     )
   )
   expect_error(
     download_narr_p_levels_data(
       year_start = 1900,
-      collection = "omega",
+      variables = "omega",
       data_download_acknowledgement = TRUE,
-      directory_to_save = "../testdata"
+      directory_to_save = testthat::test_path("..", "testdata/", "")
     )
   )
   expect_error(
     download_merra2_data(
       date_start = "1900-01-01",
       collection = "inst1_2d_asm_Nx",
-      directory_to_save = "../testdata",
+      directory_to_save = testthat::test_path("..", "testdata/", ""),
       data_download_acknowledgement = TRUE
     )
   )
   expect_error(
-    download_noaa_hms_smoke_data(
+    download_hms_data(
       date_start = "1900-01-01",
-      directory_to_save = "../testdata",
-      directory_to_download = "../testdata",
+      directory_to_save = testthat::test_path("..", "testdata/", ""),
+      directory_to_download = testthat::test_path("..", "testdata/", ""),
       data_download_acknowledgement = TRUE
     )
   )
@@ -347,6 +348,19 @@ testthat::test_that("NARR monolevel download URLs have HTTP status 200.", {
   file.remove(commands_path)
 })
 
+testthat::test_that("NARR monolevel error with invalid years.", {
+  testthat::expect_error(
+    download_data(
+      dataset_name = "narr_monolevel",
+      variables = "weasd",
+      year_start = 10,
+      year_end = 11,
+      data_download_acknowledgement = TRUE,
+      directory_to_save = testthat::test_path("..", "testdata/", "")
+    )
+  )
+})
+
 testthat::test_that("NARR p-levels download URLs have HTTP status 200.", {
   withr::local_package("httr")
   withr::local_package("stringr")
@@ -390,36 +404,53 @@ testthat::test_that("NOAA HMS Smoke download URLs have HTTP status 200.", {
   date_end <- "2022-09-21"
   directory_to_download <- testthat::test_path("..", "testdata/", "")
   directory_to_save <- testthat::test_path("..", "testdata/", "")
-  # run download function
-  download_data(dataset_name = "smoke",
-                date_start = date_start,
-                date_end = date_end,
-                directory_to_download = directory_to_download,
-                directory_to_save = directory_to_save,
-                data_download_acknowledgement = TRUE,
-                download = FALSE,
-                remove_command = FALSE,
-                unzip = FALSE,
-                remove_zip = FALSE)
-  # define file path with commands
-  commands_path <- paste0(directory_to_download,
-                          "hms_smoke_",
-                          gsub("-", "", date_start),
-                          "_",
-                          gsub("-", "", date_end),
-                          "_curl_commands.txt")
-  # import commands
-  commands <- read_commands(commands_path = commands_path)
-  # extract urls
-  urls <- extract_urls(commands = commands, position = 6)
-  # check HTTP URL status
-  url_status <- check_urls(urls = urls, size = 3L, method = "HEAD")
-  # implement unit tests
-  test_download_functions(directory_to_save = directory_to_save,
-                          commands_path = commands_path,
-                          url_status = url_status)
-  # remove file with commands after test
-  file.remove(commands_path)
+  data_formats <- c("Shapefile", "KML")
+  for (d in seq_along(data_formats)) {
+    # run download function
+    download_data(dataset_name = "smoke",
+                  date_start = date_start,
+                  date_end = date_end,
+                  data_format = data_formats[d],
+                  directory_to_download = directory_to_download,
+                  directory_to_save = directory_to_save,
+                  data_download_acknowledgement = TRUE,
+                  download = FALSE,
+                  remove_command = FALSE,
+                  unzip = FALSE,
+                  remove_zip = FALSE)
+    # define file path with commands
+    commands_path <- paste0(directory_to_download,
+                            "hms_smoke_",
+                            gsub("-", "", date_start),
+                            "_",
+                            gsub("-", "", date_end),
+                            "_curl_commands.txt")
+    # import commands
+    commands <- read_commands(commands_path = commands_path)
+    # extract urls
+    urls <- extract_urls(commands = commands, position = 6)
+    # check HTTP URL status
+    url_status <- check_urls(urls = urls, size = 3L, method = "HEAD")
+    # implement unit tests
+    test_download_functions(directory_to_save = directory_to_save,
+                            commands_path = commands_path,
+                            url_status = url_status)
+    # remove file with commands after test
+    file.remove(commands_path)
+  }
+})
+
+testthat::test_that("download_hms_data error for unzip and directory.", {
+  testthat::expect_error(
+    download_data(
+      dataset_name = "hms",
+      data_download_acknowledgement = TRUE,
+      directory_to_save = testthat::test_path("..", "testdata/", ""),
+      directory_to_download = testthat::test_path("..", "testdata/", ""),
+      unzip = FALSE,
+      remove_zip = TRUE
+    )
+  )
 })
 
 testthat::test_that("NLCD download URLs have HTTP status 200.", {
@@ -611,8 +642,8 @@ testthat::test_that("SEDAC population data types are coerced.", {
   year <- c("totpop")
   data_formats <- c("GeoTIFF", "ASCII", "netCDF")
   data_resolutions <- c("30 second", "2pt5_min")
-  directory_to_download <- "../testdata/"
-  directory_to_save <- "../testdata/"
+  directory_to_download <- testthat::test_path("..", "testdata/", "")
+  directory_to_save <- testthat::test_path("..", "testdata/", "")
   for (f in seq_along(data_formats)) {
     download_data(dataset_name = "sedac_population",
                   year = year,
@@ -999,7 +1030,7 @@ testthat::test_that("EPA TRI download URLs have HTTP status 200.", {
   # extract urls
   urls <- extract_urls(commands = commands, position = 3)
   # check HTTP URL status
-  url_status <- check_urls(urls = urls, size = 1L, method = "GET")
+  url_status <- check_urls(urls = urls, size = 1L, method = "SKIP")
   # implement unit tests
   test_download_functions(directory_to_save = directory_to_save,
                           commands_path = commands_path,
@@ -1146,3 +1177,67 @@ testthat::test_that("epa certificate", {
     )
   )
 })
+
+
+testthat::test_that("extract_urls returns NULL undefined position.", {
+  commands <- paste0(
+    "curl -s -o ",
+    "/PATH/hms_smoke_Shapefile_20230901.zip --url ",
+    "https://satepsanone.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/FIRE/web/HMS/Smoke_Polygons/",
+    "Shapefile/2023/09/hms_smoke20230901.zip"
+    )
+  urls <- extract_urls(commands = commands)
+  testthat::expect_true(
+    is.null(urls)
+  )
+})
+
+testthat::test_that("check_urls returns NULL undefined size.", {
+  urls <- paste0(
+    "https://satepsanone.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/FIRE/web/HMS/Smoke_Polygons/",
+    "Shapefile/2023/09/hms_smoke20230901.zip"
+  )
+  url_status <- check_urls(urls = urls, method = "HEAD")
+  testthat::expect_true(
+    is.null(url_status)
+  )
+})
+
+testthat::test_that("download_hms_data LIVE run.", {
+  # function parameters
+  date <- "2018-01-01"
+  directory <- testthat::test_path("..", "testdata", "hms_live")
+  # create file to be deleted
+  dir.create(directory)
+  file.create(
+    paste0(
+      directory,
+      "/hms_smoke_20180101_20180101_curl_commands.txt"
+    )
+  )
+  # run download function
+  download_data(
+    dataset_name = "hms",
+    date_start = date,
+    date_end = date,
+    directory_to_save = directory,
+    directory_to_download = directory,
+    data_download_acknowledgement = TRUE,
+    download = TRUE,
+    unzip = TRUE,
+    remove_zip = TRUE,
+    remove_command = FALSE
+  )
+  testthat::expect_true(
+    length(list.files(directory)) == 5
+  )
+  commands <- list.files(directory, pattern = ".txt", full.names = TRUE)
+  testthat::expect_true(
+    file.exists(commands)
+  )
+  Sys.sleep(1.5)
+  # remove directory
+  files <- list.files(directory, full.names = TRUE)
+  sapply(files, file.remove)
+  file.remove(directory)
+})
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-manipulate_spacetime_data.R b/tests/testthat/test-manipulate_spacetime_data.R
index 7130c304..b42502c8 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test-manipulate_spacetime_data.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-manipulate_spacetime_data.R
@@ -827,3 +827,27 @@ test_that("project_dt works as expected", {
 
   expect_s3_class(dfdtp, "data.table")
 })
+
+testthat::test_that("tests for missing 'time' column across functions.", {
+  withr::local_package("terra")
+  withr::local_package("data.table")
+  locs <- data.frame(lon = -78.8277, lat = 35.95013)
+  locs$site_id <- "3799900018810101"
+  expect_error(
+    convert_stobj_to_stdt(
+      terra::vect(locs, geom = c("lon", "lat"), crs = "EPSG:4326")
+    )
+  )
+  expect_error(
+    sftime_as_mysftime(
+      locs,
+      "time"
+    )
+  )
+  expect_error(
+    dt_as_sftime(
+      data.table::data.table(locs),
+      "EPSG:4326"
+    )
+  )
+})